tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56364655336254386882024-03-07T19:46:48.025-08:00Ramapo college essayAlternative Learning System Essay SamplesJeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-7435642729419979872020-08-25T12:45:00.001-07:002020-08-25T12:45:04.276-07:00The Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth EsThe Signalman and the Red Room are notable instances of nineteenth century apparition stories. Compose a basic examination of these two stories. A basic examination of The Signalman and the Red Room which are notable instances of nineteenth century apparition stories The Signalman and the Red Room are notable instances of nineteenth century apparition stories. Compose a basic examination of these two stories. The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G.Wells are both notable instances of pre-twentieth century apparition stories and depend on the heavenly. Both these stories make anticipation and pressure in the air around the individuals in the story. The tales are set in first individual and we are given the contemplations and sentiments of the storyteller. The pace of The Signalman is a moderate one the peruser isn't given the impression that it is an apparition story yet it disentangles supposedly on; this gradually develops tension. The climate toward the beginning of The Signalman is a ghostly one. It is a profound, soggy cutting with a dull passage portrayed as ... The Signalman and the Red Room are notable instances of nineteenth Es The Signalman and the Red Room are notable instances of nineteenth century apparition stories. Compose a basic correlation of these two stories. A basic correlation of The Signalman and the Red Room which are notable instances of nineteenth century apparition stories The Signalman and the Red Room are notable instances of nineteenth century phantom stories. Compose a basic examination of these two stories. The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G.Wells are both notable instances of pre-twentieth century apparition stories and depend on the otherworldly. Both these stories make anticipation and pressure in the environment around the individuals in the story. The narratives are set in first individual and we are given the considerations and sentiments of the storyteller. The pace of The Signalman is a moderate one the peruser isn't given the impression that it is a phantom story yet it unwinds supposedly on; this gradually develops tension. The climate toward the beginning of The Signalman is a frightful one. It is a profound, soggy cutting with a dim passage portrayed as ... Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-48479532055415463972020-08-22T04:32:00.001-07:002020-08-22T04:32:12.880-07:00Philosophy 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsTheory 4 - Assignment Example Descartesââ¬â¢ mind-body duality is useful to people who need to encounter their brains unequivocally and interestingly as a thing with a cognizant (Descartes 32). I think this idea likewise covertly permits these people to encounter their psyches and bodies conversely. This implies when these individuals can't recognize their psyches and bodies, they become lost. I differ that people are contained psyche and body as isolated elements. In the event that people had two elements, they would need to show this expansion and demonstrate that they counteract one another, which they don't. As a philosophical methodology, doubt attempts to render dubious individuals from a gathering of recommendations that people believe are inside our comprehension. Suspicion can be viewed as a solid suit through rationale and observational proof. Wariness takes into consideration the cognizance of rationale and experimental proof in the scholarly world today. The powerless purpose of wariness logically is questions towards anyoneââ¬â¢s thought or explanations without analysis or confirmation, in any event, when this individual is in actuality right. Clear cut basic is the declaration of moral law as in the long run actualized by rationale and compliance from plain regard for rationale (Kant 18). For instance, I was once stuck at a red light known for staying red for nonsensically significant stretches. I was late for class and there was no other vehicle or person on foot going across both of the streets. I needed to run the red light, which choice into an ethical law inferring that I was alright with each driver running exceptionally red lights when they are late for Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-22390259161356109192020-08-03T20:46:00.001-07:002020-08-03T20:46:02.694-07:00Go Read Some Science FictionGo Read Some Science Fiction I love going to the MIT Media Lab. Being part of the MAS Freshman program, I spend a lot of time there. Its a research facility that specializes in projects that focus on interfaces, interactions, and communication between man and machine. And it looks like the USS Enterprise merged with the Men In Black Headquarters, except without aliens (for now). Normally, I would be there for my Fundamentals of Computational Media Design class (MAS.110) or for just getting lost in the many halls of the labs, looking at every project I can find. But today, I was there to attend the final presentation of the class Science Fiction to Science Fabrication (MAS.S65). In the classs, grad students would be exposed to various science fiction books and then create a final project based off an idea from any science fiction story they so wish (Hopefully no one ever makes Soylent Green). I took my seat as the presentation started. I looked around the room to see who was presenting first. This caught my attention. Good enough view? Not for me either. So I got a closer one. Its a robot arm. A robot arm! As in, not a human arm, but a robot arm. Like, remember that time Luke Skywalker got his arm chopped off by Darth Vader in Episode V? He replaced it with a robot arm. And guess what. This is a robot arm! Its a match! Just add tan spray paint. Ok, so maybe Im getting a little overexcited, but I think thats the point. I know robot arms arent the newest thing around but Ive never seen one in person before and here was a project by student Guillermo Bernal where he nonchalantly made his robot arm mimic basic gestures triggered by bio-signals sent from his actual arm. After my excitement calmed, down, the next project was up. This one was based off of the 1963 novel Cats Cradle, by Kurt Vonnegut. It involves a polymorph of water known as Ice-9. When it comes in contact with water below 45.8 °C, it acts as a seed crystal and freezes the entire body of water. Curious with the idea of Ice-9, Ermal Dreshaj and Sang-won Leigh began looking for a substance with similar properties and found sodium acetate, a food-grade compound that would stay a liquid at room temperature until it was agitated, thus solidifying the liquid. Using Rhinoceros 3D, they made molds of tools that could fit into glasses. Just imagine James Bond at a cocktail party, waiting for just the right moment to drop some sodium acetate into his drink to make any tool needs and then re-liquefy it to use again later. Not shaken nor stirred. The projects kept on coming. Alexis Hope, Felix Heibeck, and Julie Legault presented Sensory Fiction, which uses lights, sounds, sensors, and even a wearable to create an immersive reading experience. The wearable gets hotter and the lights get brighter if the main character was at, say, a beach. It could also vibrate in a pattern similar to a heartbeat to simulate the characters heartbeat in the story during intense or relaxing scenes. Just like those 4D movies where the chairs move and wind is blown in your face. Except this is with reading. Another project was a visual representation of the MIT Media Lab (Building E-14) by Paloma Gonzalez. Kinects had been set up throughout the Media Lab to track movement. The data was collected onto a diagram map that reveals the most commonly taken paths and the areas where people stand the most, along with creating an awesome visual that puts Windows screen savers to shame. Using this data reveals how people move about inside a building and can potentially influence and optimize future floor plans and architectural designs. Epic picture. Epic name. Epic movie idea. One of my favorite projects came from someone in the audience. Im not sure of the details but I knew that she wanted to attend the presentation but she couldnt because was currently in London. Yet she attended anyway. In this. this. I want to build this. I need an iPad, FaceTime, a remote controller, and a Segway. Hopefully Im not drastically oversimplifying it. Awesome presentations, awesome ideas, and a final thank you to Dan Novy and Sophia Brueckner, the two MIT Media Lab researchers that taught the class and showed the importance of science fiction in engineering the future. The full list of projects can be found at scifi2scifab.media.mit.edu. Another great read is Why Todays Inventors Need to Read More Science Fiction, which is about this class and discusses the notion that science fiction is meant to show us what can go wrong so we can fix mistakes before we make them. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-16618819180288324112020-05-23T03:31:00.001-07:002020-05-23T03:31:02.084-07:00Corporate Network Management - 1874 Words Corporate Networks in organisations can be complex structures that ââ¬Å"requires a great deal of attentionâ⬠(Clemm 2007). Even small companies can have quite complex networks that are a considerable investment to the business. The notion that corporate network management is a cost to a business rather than a continual beneficial investment is a naive assumption that requires further investigation to the benefits that network management brings. Clemm (Clemm 2007) states in his text that the ultimate goal of network management ââ¬Å"is to reduce and minimize total cost of ownershipâ⬠, improving operational efficiency and lowering cost. Clemm (Clemm 2007) also notes that ââ¬Å"Network Management is not just related to cost and qualityâ⬠, which will be anâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The severity of how badly the rules are broken can vary, but for the company the outcome does not, if the employee or in other terms, ââ¬Å"uninformed troublemakersâ⬠are given acc ess to bend rules beyond what the company believes is the standard, I.T employees need to discover this problem and issue a solution as readily as possible (Sullivan 2001). Insider security threats are usually the greatest source of security problems. Outsiders amount to between only 1 to 6 per cent of concerns. Many types of insider security threats do create substantial risks for organizations (Melford 1993). Network management can help manage internal issues but network management cannot act in a smart manner to solve problems without external operations from network staff. Within recent weeks, the Heartbleed SSL vulnerability bug has posed major significant concerns for organisations as userââ¬â¢s the security flaw can potentially let a hacker access memory of data servers (Nieva 2014). The hacker then could retrieve the digital certificates that are used to encrypt communications and gain access into a organisations internal data (Nieva 2014). Nieva (Nieva 2014) states the security vulnerability will allow ââ¬Å"sensitive personal data such as usernames, passwords and credit card informationâ⬠are at risk of being intercepted. Potential security threats like the HeartBleed SSL pose huge risks to organisations must be dealt quickly and swiftly to ensure the business andShow MoreRelatedCorporate Network Management: Cost or Benefit1997 Words à |à 8 Pages Corporate Network Management ââ¬â cost or benefit Network management includes the exploitation, incorporation and coordination of the hardware, software, and human fundamentals to monitor, test, poll, configure, analyse, evaluate, and control the network and element resources to meet the real-time, operational, performance, and Quality of Service requirements at a reasonable cost. A network is a set of hardware devices connected together, either physically or logically to allow them to exchange informationRead Morewhite paper template 1947 Words à |à 4 Pagesexponential company growth is the increased network traffic that has overwhelmed the current telecommunication infrastructure. 2. 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Also wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr.Titus, Tossy of IAA who assisted me in all necessary guidance and Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-7873740439256411782020-05-11T12:28:00.001-07:002020-05-11T12:28:02.784-07:00President Washington And The United States - 1390 Words President Washington was seated at his desk in the oval office turned and looking out the window thinking about how quickly events were moving and how much control did he really have over them. He had his concerns about the military and if they really needed civilian leadership at this time or was he in the way? Or was he being paranoid? He had a sizeable military force heading his way from Pennsylvania which might be able to topple the current government. His own military was sizing up the situation, he really became aware of a change in the situation he saw several tanks moving down Pennsylvania Blvd towards the White House. Then took up positions around it, guarding it, was it to protect him or were they his jailer. Presidentâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦General Wallace, because the President was present, would present his own briefing, not some underling. General Wallace launched into his briefing with an updated version of what military units were available nationwide, the nation being as it is at the time. He covered the status of each unit, for all services, and what if any operations they were involved in. It was amazing to President Washington that in a matter of weeks, that what looked like a very dim picture when they were looking at Washington D.C. and the military surrounding it, in Virginia and Maryland. Now with the West Coast coming online things had exploded, followed by Fort Bragg. Even with his misgivings right now things did look brighter. General Wallaceââ¬â¢s briefing lasted an hour, at the end he asked for questions, immediately General Clayton raised his hand. ââ¬Å"Yes General.â⬠Said General Wallace. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m curious, who ordered the armor to the White House? Why are they there? And why were the tank crews removed and replaced with infantry?â⬠General Clayton was on the verge of silent insubordination. General Wallace glared at General Clayton, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m afraid thatââ¬â¢s need to know Gener al and you have no need to know.â⬠President Washington quickly raised his hand, ââ¬Å"General Wallace please answer General Claytons question.â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m sorry Mister President I canââ¬â¢t do that.â⬠GeneralShow MoreRelatedPresident Washington And The United States853 Words à |à 4 PagesPresident Washington 1. 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Washington had many intriguing qualities. An example would be his quality of concern for his men. Throughout the Revolutionary War, Washington lost many of the battles, but he chose to lose them, rather than to win and risk all of his menââ¬â¢s lives. He made tactical retreats to save his men. George Washington, our first President, won over the hearts and earned theRead MoreCharacteristics Of George Washington1238 Words à |à 5 PagesGeorge Washington was the first President of the United States and was the only one in history to ever be elected unanimously. Although he went in without notion of how the presidency was going to work in the new republic, he still served two terms without any opposition. This goes to show how truly intelligent and successful George Washington was as President. His personality, policies, and ideas greatly inspired the prosperity and evolution of the government, foreign policy, economic policy inRead MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States1233 Words à |à 5 Pagesfirst five presidents for the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedom from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. In 1783 Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-76151721906474158982020-05-06T11:23:00.001-07:002020-05-06T11:23:34.908-07:00Observations of Child Development Free Essays string(65) " world extends their nascent theories as to how the world works\." This paper will discuss a child that was observed on a number of occasions in their family setting at home. It will explore the student social workerââ¬â¢s understanding of child development linking theory and reality.. We will write a custom essay sample on Observations of Child Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now A critical account based on six observations sessions of the child development onâ⬠¦.. Drawing on what has been seen and student knowledge on appropriate milestones, literature research and social work theory. The student will reflect on their role as an observer and what has been learnt during the process of observation and itââ¬â¢s relevance to social work Different areas of development are inter-related. The ideas, language, communication, feelings, relationships and other cultural elements among which each child is brought up influence his or her development profoundly. (Carolyn Megabit and Gerald Cumberland) (2000) Child Development : An illustrated guide. Henchman. The skills of observation are important and the importance of tone of voice and body language, particularly when the words spoken might be saying something completely different. Sometimes observing teaches you things that you canââ¬â¢t be told and sometimes we are tuned to listen instead of look. A part of the process of becoming a social worker is observation. Observation is the power to see what isnââ¬â¢t obvious. Observation is seeing and hearing, and also seeing whatââ¬â¢s missing, picking up on what is omitted, analytically processing whilst doing the observation. Itââ¬â¢s important we understand observation is a powerful tool in our assessment and intervention. Observing is an essential skill for everyone working with children. ( Carolyn Megabit and Gerald Cumberland) (2000). Observation helps social workers and students to reflect upon situations before intervening (Pat El Richer and Karee Tanner) Using observational methods are helpful in describing individualââ¬â¢s behavior as they interact in real time; and allow the reader to create a verbal picture of the behaviors as they unfold. This is important when social workers are working with children and families in their home (Pipelining, 1996:1), and there is a growing recognition in social work literature around observation in practice (Richer Tanner, 1998:17). On my first observation I was not nervous but did feel intrusive about entering the Morrisââ¬â¢s home, I had meet them a few days before and they were very welcoming which eased some of the anxieties I had. I know that as a qualified social worker on some occasions (e. G. Hill protection) I will be meeting the family for the first time when conducting a home visit and they might not be welcoming. Taking the role of observer is what I was most apprehensive about, I was unsure of what to expect onâ⬠¦ Cognitive and language development Cognitive or intellectual development is development of the mind- the part of the brain that that is used for recognizing, reasoning, knowing and understanding. Language development is development of communication skills : Receptive speech: what a person understands Expressive speech- the words the persons produces Articulation- the personââ¬â¢s actual pronunciations of words ETC can build towers, can copy a building pattern of three or more cubes 3 years ; Remember and repeat songs and nursery rhymes ; Use personal pronouns and plurals correctly and give their own name and sex and sometimes age ; Carry on simple conversations, often missing link words such as the and is ; Learn to speak more than one language if they hear more than one language spoken around them as they grow ; Enjoys listening to and making music ; Can control their attention, choosing to stop an activity and return to it without much difficulty ; Counts by rote up to ten or more Enjoys playing on the floor with bricks, boxes, toy trains and dolls ;Joins in active make-believe play ; y with other children A Child Observation Assignment By Marie Tree Date Posted: December 1 5th This article was written by Marie Tree in 2010 as a record of her child observation assignment for her post-qualifying Specialist Social Work Award course at Portsmouth University. When submitting it article Marie wrote remarked that when completing this assignment she was taken ââ¬Å"back to my early days in the sassââ¬â¢s when I did have what now seems the luxury of reflecting on my practice. â⬠[pick] Marie Tree In childhood, everything was more vivid ââ¬â the sun brighter, the smell of fields sharper, the thunder louder, the rain more abundant and the grass tallerâ⬠. Constantine Passports The context for my observation was a local authority Childrenââ¬â¢s Centre which provides Offset registered care for babies and children between O months and 5 years. The Childrenââ¬â¢s Centre has been classed as ââ¬ËOutstandingââ¬â¢ by Offset since June 2006 and has been working with children with additional needs since the sassââ¬â¢s. The setting was a group of 12 children of mixed sexes, all of mixed abilities such as physical and learning difficulties. The group was well staffed (by women) with some children having one to one support. The setting is headed by a teacher and the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum guides the work, and the children learn through play. The observations were based upon the Atavistic model (Pick 1964) and my remit was to observe a child for lax hours and record my observations after the sessions. I also included my reflections, dilemmas and prejudices with my seminar group. The staff at the Childrenââ¬â¢s Centre were aware of my role, and the purpose of my observations. A oh year old little girl was selected and I shall call her Anna (pseudonym). I had no contact with Annaââ¬â¢s parents, although the Childrenââ¬â¢s Centre informed them of my remit and they gave their written consent. The first session took place after lunch and I placed myself at the back of the room, discreetly tucked into a corner hoping that my presence would not be noticed. How wrong I was! The room was filled with an array of spontaneous discoveries, books, toys, computers, sand, paint and dressing up clothes and the clutter of noise and emotions reminded me of my own home where I have three young children, where exploring the world extends their nascent theories as to how the world works. You read "Observations of Child Development" in category "Observation essays" Initially, I found it very difficult to sit and focus on Anna solely, as I was used to talking and making eye contact with children, and not being able to engage or speak was difficult. For the first session, I watched Anna intently and I had to clear my head of any Judgments of her which were purely based on bits of information I had picked up from staff. I had based assumptions of Annaââ¬â¢s background and life, which were purely speculative and ill informed. It was this reflection that helped me focus between fact and feeling and challenging myself on how the information I had been given about Anna had given considerable weight in owe I thought she might play and socialize with other children. I needed to separate these two contradictory parts (Goldstein, 1990). I watched Anna carefully glide from one activity to the next, first playing with the sand letting it quickly sift through her fingers and making shapes and marks with the palms of her hands. She slowly toddled off when a young boy, eager to play more adventurously nudged her out of the way. Watching Anna play, I did think of her goals and what she was trying to create through her thought and actions, and I did think of Pigletââ¬â¢s (1973) theory on childrenââ¬â¢s cognitive development. Again, I had to challenge my assumptions on stages of Pigletââ¬â¢s theory as they are not fixed and concrete in any child. On several occasions, children came up to me bringing toys, books and requests to go to the toilet, and at one point, a young child stood in front of me for what seemed like a very long time. I replied only briefly to the children and avoided eye contact when possible. My desire to become involved with the children was very strong, and it was difficult to refuse a simple request from a small child. However, remaining in a passive role allowed me to stand back and slow down and examine in detail the allegations with the child. (Bridge et al, 1996, p. 1 13). The method of sitting observing Anna was at times alien to me and having no prescriptive focus other than observe made me feel vulnerable. It felt like the anxieties that Seal (2003) identified in his work as ââ¬Ëprofessionals giving up control and being open to what is emergingââ¬â¢. (Seal, 2003, p. 16). How I managed my feelings around observing Anna also reminded me of the work by Isabel Minimizes Lath (1989) who wrote about anxiety and how its experience, expression and sublimations are a major factor in determining personal ND institutional behavior. I often refer to the work of Isabel Minimizes Lath when I am faced with uncertainties, and it is my acknowledgment and containment of these feelings that will impact on the overall work that I do with children and their families. In the room with Anna, I had to contain my feelings around the observation. Anna continued throughout my observation to drift from one activity to the next. At one point, I observed her clasp the hand of a worker and pull her gently towards the book corner. The worker gently tapped the hand of Anna, letting her know she was aware of the request. At that moment, I thought of how unique and complex children are as they do not have the language to explain how they think and explore the world that surrounds them. By slowing down and observing them, we have the advantage and a willingness to speculate. Ending the hour observation was less problematic than I thought and I quietly put my coat on and said goodbye with a few children holding gaze with me as I left the room. In the next session with Anna, I felt more relaxed and in tune with what I was trying to do. It was much more comfortable not having to put any kind of theory into practice. I had the added luxury of not having paper and pens or an assessment to complete. It was a time to observe Anna and explore my own feelings. Anna made eye contact with me on a few occasions and I would not be convinced that she knew that I was watching her; however, that is purely my interpretation. In this session, Anna lay dozing on and off on a bean bag, and although she already had had a nap earlier, she seemed somewhat tired and lethargic that day. Beside Anna, on a separate beanbag, lay a child with cerebral palsy, and at that moment, I felt a gush of emotion run through me, and I was minded of my own child with learning and mobility problems. Two children, side by side, one able bodied and the other, confined to a soft cushion. Rusting (2004) identifies this problem well and suggests that recognizing feelings and working with this is very important in the work that we do. I am aware as a practitioner, that we risk professional dangerousness if our roles and boundaries are not clearly defined. Our relationships with clients need to be based on objectivity and self awareness. This allows us to step outside our emotional needs and to be sensitive to the needs of others. (HOMOS, 1988: Protecting Children). I believe for any effective intervention, the worker must remain quite distinct and separate, whole and intact. It was good to be able to discuss my feelings with my seminar group and it is Erikson (1950) who talks about basic trust as the first stage of the eight stages of man. I believe that talking about observations was now similar to that described by Wainscot (1965) as holding and Boon (1962) as containing, and what emerged from the seminar group was a secure base where thoughts and feelings could be openly discussed amongst ourselves, and it was the first time that as a seminar group, that we spoke freely and openly about experiences during observations. The remaining sessions observing Anna became enjoyable and watching her play was fascinating as her tiny hands grasped and touched the toys and objects around her. By observing her, I was to enter her world of self wonderment and capture moments by focusing solely on her. I am aware of the importance of endings and although I had clearly given my remit to the staff, I said goodbye to the children and thanked them for allowing me to sit in their class. I think that they were more interested in circle time and the nursery rhymes to notice my quiet departure from the room. Conclusion Observing Anna had brought back the sense of refocusing on the child and their world. Being able to discuss feelings within the seminar group helped to contain hidden ideologies and prejudices within myself. Humphreys (1988) puts this very well by describing ââ¬Ëperspective transformationââ¬â¢ in which we can reflect and challenge our belief system, and through this, transformation occurs. Having no social work task to do was a luxury. To sit and observe was a chance to explore the childrenââ¬â¢s lack of power, vulnerability and dependence on adults. So much of social work time is spent n the speed of completing assessments, ticking boxes, and only the neediest of children receive a service. In my view, much is lost to the benefits of observing children. Too often, only a snapshot of a child is all that a social worker can grasp when working with children and much is lost by not having a space for reflective and analytical practice which gives the worker a platform to critically evaluate and challenge their work. How to cite Observations of Child Development, Essays Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-2178997269504700312020-04-30T17:11:00.001-07:002020-04-30T17:11:02.351-07:00What can happen to a fetus when a pregnant women d Essay Example For Students What can happen to a fetus when a pregnant women d Essay FASrinks heavily during her pregnancy?It can lead to permanent, irreversible and incurable effects that will bring a lifetime of pain for both the child and the family. These permanent and unchangeable effects arise from a fetus attaining fetal alcohol syndrome from its mother. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of malformations and disabilities resulting from a pregnant woman drinking heavily during her pregnancy. FAS is unique in that effects on the children are directly linked to maternal drinking habits. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is currently the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States. A baby with FAS can suffer from mental retardation, central nervous dysfunction, organ dysfunction, facial abnormalities and many other effects. At least 5,000 to 10000 infants are born each year in America with FAS. There is a little less then a 50% chance that the new born child, whose mother drank heavily during pregnancy, will be born with FAS. Even if the child is not bor n with FAS, there is a better then 50% chance that the child will have many Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy (Berhow 364). Each infant that is born with FAS is a large financial burden. The institutional and medical costs for one child with FAS is an average of over a million dollars during the childs lifetime. Whatever the mother drinks while she is pregnant, the child inside her is drinking. If the mother gets drunk from consuming to much alcohol so will her child. A mothers high risk behavior during pregnancy effects the child more then it might effect her. But FAS is a syndrome that is 100% preventable. The only way to prevent FAS is for a pregnant woman to abstain from drinking alcohol during her entire pregnancy. We will write a custom essay on What can happen to a fetus when a pregnant women d specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In a broad sense FAS may be viewed as a repercussion of an external environmental influence on the internal physiological environment of the developing fetus (Caleekal). What a mother does to herself externally has an immediate impact on the fetus which lies inside her. If a pregnant woman drinks wine, beer, or any liquor when she is pregnant, her baby could develop FAS, its that simple. The disabilities which stem from FAS will last a lifetime. No amount of alcohol has been proven safe to consume during pregnancy. Heavy drinking on a consistent basis or binge drinking on an occasional basis can produce FAS. A combination of factors determines whether the exposed child will be afflicted with FAS. FAS is not necessarily the result of only full-blown alcoholism but rather it can result from drinking any amount of alcohol in excess of the level to detoxify it thus placing the fetus at risk (Caleekal). A mothers nutritional status and physical well-being might also play roles of varying significance in determining whether an infant is affected, and to what degree, by the prenatal exposure to alcohol (Berhow 364). The most common effects seen is an increase in miscarriages. Babies can also be born at a low birth weight, birth length, and with a small heads resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. There are many different factors that can produce birth defects from FAS. Agent (alcohol, crack, heroin) Dosage (how much is used), Timing of Exposure (when is it used?), individual factors of mother and child, genetic factors, nutritional factors, metabolic factors are what birth defects are dependent on (Berhow 364). FAS is characterized by three symptoms which affect different areas. The three areas affected are; prenatal and/or postnatal growth retardation, Central Nervous System (CNS) and head and facial abnormalities (Wynbrandt 208). With prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, infants are born weighing less the average newborn and are shorter in length. The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The nervous system develops in the first 8 weeks of child birth, making the most damaging effects result in this period. Damage to this area is displayed through mental retardation and severe learning disabilities. Head and facial abnormalities, facial deformities such as a thin upper lip, absence of a groove between the nose and upper lip and small eye openings. The teeth of individuals with FAS are often Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-53305642875131165052020-03-21T10:36:00.001-07:002020-03-21T10:36:02.499-07:00Philippine Airline Industry and the Environment EssaysPhilippine Airline Industry and the Environment Essays Philippine Airline Industry and the Environment Essay Philippine Airline Industry and the Environment Essay Environmental management in the Philippines over these past few years has focused on regulating production industries, such as manufacturing and mining. However, there has been an increasing interest in the environmental effects of the service industry (Goedkoop, van Halen, te Riele, Rommens, 1998). And this industry comprises a variety of activities, from restaurants to hospitals to financial institutions. The service industry merits its attention because of its large size and consequently the potential for environmental impacts (both negative and positive). And one of the service industries that will be discussed in this paper is the Airline Industry. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization and the Air Transport Bureau, the aviation industry impacts the environment in a way that aircraft engines emit noise pollution, gases and particulate emissions. It also contributes to climate change and global dimming. The toxic emissions produced by airports and aircraft are chiefly six pollutants: nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide (Whitelegg and Williams, 2000). These emissions have a definitive impact on the already growing problem of global warming as well as being very deadly to people exposed to them. In this study, the researchers will have to identify the positive and the negative environmental impacts that can be found in the airline industry in the local and global aspect and how could the industry minimize these negative impacts. This paper is significant because the airline industry gives a positive economic impact to the community. Business travelers are important to airlines because they are more likely to travel several times throughout the year and they tend to purchase the upgraded services that have higher margins for the airline. Airlines have also made significant progress in addressing climate change and are continuing to do so while being driven to be fuel efficient. According to the IATA, the airline industry has already improved fuel efficiency by 70% over the last four decades and new, more fuel efficient aircraft on order will replace aging, gas guzzling jets and increase fuel efficiency again by 25%. According to the report of the British Airline Pilotsââ¬â¢ Association (BALPA), the airline industry is believed to be a ââ¬Å"dirtyâ⬠industry; that it is wasteful of resources and is responsible for the major threat of ozone depletion by the generation of greenhouse gases. But aviation, like all forms of transport, does pollute but its impact on the environment is exaggerated and the solutions put forward donââ¬â¢t address the environmental impact. Thus the attempt to penalize the industry and its flying public is misguided. The most damaging effect of aviation, in terms of its pollution of the upper atmosphere is best dealt with by emissions trading. This study focuses on adopting a global perspective of the Airline Industry because air transport itself operates globally and its impacts on the atmosphere, particularly those that could result in climate change, will have worldwide consequences and the Airline Industryââ¬â¢s contribution to the local and global environmental conservation. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-82945573481342434732020-03-05T01:03:00.001-08:002020-03-05T01:03:02.521-08:00Propaganda MapsPropaganda Maps All maps are designed with a purpose; whether to aid in navigation, accompany a news article, or display data. Some maps, however, are designed to be particularly persuasive. Like other forms of propaganda, cartographic propaganda attempts to mobilize viewers for a purpose. Geopolitical maps are the most explicit examples of cartographic propaganda, and throughout history have been utilized to garner support for various causes. Propaganda Maps in Global Conflicts This map from the film depicts the Axis powers plan to conquer the world. In maps such as the aforementioned propaganda map, authors express specific feelings on a topic, creating maps that are meant not just to describe information, but also to interpret it. These maps are often not made with the same scientific or design procedures as other maps; labels, precise outlines of bodies of land and water, legends, and other formal map elements may be disregarded in favor of a map that speaks for itself. As the above image shows, these maps favor graphic symbols that are embedded with meaning. Propaganda maps gained momentum under Nazism and Fascism, as well. There are many examples of Nazi propaganda maps that were intended to glorify Germany, justify territorial expansion, and decrease support for the U.S., France, and Britain (see examples of Nazi propaganda maps at the German Propaganda Archive). During the Cold War, maps were produced in order to magnify the threat of the Soviet Union and communism. A recurrent trait in propaganda maps is the ability to portray certain regions as big and menacing, and other regions as small and threatened. Many Cold War maps enhanced the size of the Soviet Union, which magnified the threat of communisms influence. This occurred in a map titled Communist Contagion, which was published in a 1946 edition of Time Magazine. By coloring the Soviet Union in bright red, the map further enhanced the message that communism was spreading like a disease. Mapmakers utilized misleading map projections to their advantage in the Cold War as well. The Mercator Projection, which distorts land areas, exaggerated the size of the Soviet Union. (This map projection website shows different projections and their effect on the portrayal of the USSR and its allies). Propaganda Maps Today choropleth map maps The maps on this site show how political maps can mislead today. One map shows the results of the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, with blue or red indicating if a state voted majority for the Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, or the Republican candidate, John McCain. From this map there appears to be more red then blue, indicating that the popular vote went Republican. However, the Democrats decidedly won the popular vote and the election, because the population sizes of the blue states are much higher than those of the red states. To correct for this data issue, Mark Newman at the University of Michigan created a Cartogram; a map that scales the state size to its population size. While not preserving the actual size of each state, the map shows a more accurate blue-red ratio, and better portrays the 2008 election results. Propaganda maps have been prevalent in the 20th century in global conflicts when one side wants to mobilize support for its cause. It is not only in conflicts that political bodies utilize persuasive mapmaking however; there are many other situations in which it benefits a country to portray another country or region in a particular light. For example, it has benefited colonial powers to use maps to legitimize territorial conquest and social/economic imperialism. Maps are also powerful tools to garner nationalism in ones own country by graphically portraying a countrys values and ideals. Ultimately, these examples tell us that maps are not neutral images; they can be dynamic and persuasive, used for political gain. References: Boria, E. (2008). Geopolitical Maps: A Sketch History of a Neglected Trend in Cartography. Geopolitics, 13(2), 278-308. Monmonier, Mark. (1991). How to Lie with Maps. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-41080729355954903252020-02-17T16:27:00.001-08:002020-02-17T16:27:02.894-08:00Nursing Care Plan. Risk for Secondary Infection EssayNursing Care Plan. Risk for Secondary Infection - Essay Example This has been attributed to the added effects of aging and medications. The clientââ¬â¢s nutrition status is below the normal level, compared with his healthy physique when the signs and symptoms of HIV infection and epileptic occurrences had not manifested yet. His serum cholesterol is higher than the normal boundary. No respiratory conditions can be traced from his recent medical check- up. Risk for secondary infection Assessment The patient was lying on his bed, conscious and coherent. However, he was not oriented to time, place, and person. Wounds and excoriations were noted on his lower extremities. No breathing difficulties noted upon examination. Nutrition status was noted below the normal level. Increased cholesterol level was appreciated on laboratory results. His vital signs were recorded as: Temperature: 37.4 ?C, Respiratory rate: 24 cpm, Pulse rate: 92 bpm, Blood Pressure: 130/ 110 mmHg. Nursing Diagnosis Risk for secondary infection related to compromised immune syste m secondary to HIV infection Planning Within this shift, the patient will not be able to develop infection, and would learn ways to prevent it. Intervention and rationale Assess the patient for signs of infection including fever, chills, and diaphoresis; cough; shortness of breath; oral pain or painful swallowing; creamy-white patches in oral cavity; urinary frequency, urgency, or dysuria; redness, swelling, or drainage from wounds; vesicular lesions on face, lips, or perianal area. Any sign of delayed wound healing may give clues that the patient is currently having an infectious process (Black & Hawks, 2005). Assess the patientââ¬â¢s cognition and mental status. In the elderly population, the signs of infection may appear initially as changes in the mental status and consciousness (Burke & Laramie, 2004). Teach patient or caregiver about need to report possible infection. Prompt reporting of infection increases the chances of faster recovery (Smeltzer & Bare, 2006). Do not allo w any fresh flowers in the patientââ¬â¢s room. Fresh flowers carry microorganisms that could cause harm to the immune- compromised people (Burke & Laramie, 2004). Do not allow the patient to eat raw foods, including fruits and vegetables. Raw foods contain considerably increased number of microorganisms that could potentially cause another infection (Smeltzer & Bare, 2006). Monitor for medication interactions, infections, electrolyte imbalance, and depression. Elderly patients may have other pathological conditions that could necessarily affect hydration status and predispose other medication side- effects (Black & Hawks, 2005). Encourage independence but assist if the patient cannot perform an activity. While it can be necessary to assist the patient in completing activities most of the time, providing opportunities of independence could increase his sense of well- being (Smeltzer & Bare, 2006). Monitor food and fluid intake. Nutrition status generally affects the rate of wound healing and recovery from infection (Black & Hawks, 2005). Teach the patient about the importance of hand-washing and appropriate hygienic practices. These activities prevent the incidence of infection (Smeltzer & Bare, 2006). Evaluation At the end of the shift, the client did not develop any signs of secondary infection. In addition, the patient learned of the importance of hand- washing, hygienic practices, eating the right kinds of food, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-16812939520542799032020-02-03T10:34:00.001-08:002020-02-03T10:34:02.988-08:00Technical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsTechnical writing - Essay Example The purpose of this Request for Proposal is to solicit proposals in a bid to identify a candidate or organization, conduct a fair and extensive evaluation on the criteria listed thereafter and contract him/her to best represent the aspirations of Peterââ¬â¢s International schools as far as professional development of programs in the area of disproportionality is concerned. Literature Review Disproportionality may not be purely pegged on the individual talents by the students but also on the administrative aspect of the management of the school; the infrastructure and transformation of curriculum, and other extra-curriculum programs which in one way or the other helps in the personal development of the students which in turn promotes the academic achievement in a balanced manner (Wiggan, 12). Peterââ¬â¢s International Schools is a network of schools started in 1999 in New York with outlets in Canada, United Kingdom and Belarus, that specializes with ââ¬Å"high schoolâ⬠lev el of education and learning admitting children of 7-17 years of age. As part of the initial research and implementation procedure, Peterââ¬â¢s International schools would recommend school-based focus group discussions as the immediate and appropriate resources to be used to help evaluate the causes and mitigation programs in areas of disproportionality in academic achievement. Purpose of the Project The current education programs used by Peterââ¬â¢s International Schools is based on 2002 curriculum revision and the management has determined they are not effective in providing unique high school education in terms of syllabus coverage and personal development of our students at all levels. Additionally the programs have not been reliable in incorporating science and technology/ innovations in the subjects tackled and they have been fruitless in integrating academic performance across the schoolââ¬â¢s network. By developing, designing, implementing and conducting professiona l development in the areas of disproportionality in academic achievement across our network of schools, will enable identification of areas that need attention in a bid to level academic achievement of our students, be at par with science and technology/innovations in our curriculum and have a competitive advantage in provision of learning services globally. Project Description Peterââ¬â¢s International Schools is seeking to adopt new and friendly programs that will promote incorporation of science and technology in the curriculum subjects; simple to apply and assimilate both locally and by the international students, programs that will necessitate easy transition to new programs in future without affecting the development of students, and those that will help in reducing the variation in academic achievement among the students in the schoolââ¬â¢s network. The design should be flexible to accommodate different ages accommodated in our schools and allow smooth implementation wi thin the next five years. In addition the design and development procedures should explicitly define the ways to deal with the disproportionality in academic achievements and give real figures of the expected results within the first five years of Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-80563691365680956152020-01-26T06:58:00.001-08:002020-01-26T06:58:04.205-08:00Balanced And Well Rounded Education Education EssayBalanced And Well Rounded Education Education Essay According to the mission of Singapore Education, the purpose of Singapore Education is to provide our children with a balanced and well-rounded education, develop them to their full potential, and nurture them into good citizens, conscious of their responsibilities to family, society and country. (http://www.moe.gov.sg/about/yearbooks/2005/pdf/mission-vision.pdf) Eventually, they would become the future leader who would make the right decision for their nation in future. Thus, the Desired Outcomes of Educations (DOE) is being introduced at 3 key stages, namely primary, secondary and post-secondary. It acts as a checklist or common purposes for the educators to help students strive towards the mission of Singapore education. To better achieve the desired outcomes of education, Teach less, learn more (TLLM) comes into picture in 2005. At the National Day Rally in 2004, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong called on our teachers to teach less, so that our students could learn more. (http://www.moe.gov.sg/about/yearbooks/2005/teach.html). This policy is focusing on improving the quality of interaction between teachers and students. The aim of this policy is to drive Singapore education to a direction where teachers only act as a facilitator, nurturing students to become self-directed learners and individuals who are capable of think independently. Teach Less, Learn More is a call to re-examine the fundamentals of teaching and learning why we teach, what we teach and how we teach. (http://www3.moe.edu.sg/corporate/contactonline/2005/Issue13/glossary/glossary.htm#ttml) TLLM reminds teachers that their responsibility is to stimulate the students passion in learning so that students are willing to take up challenges that come to them. Disseminating the information to the students should not be the only way to teach. Teachers should always check for the understanding of students by relating them with the materials. Other than that, teachers should help students learn that they are taught to live the tests of their lives, not to learn that their lives are full of tests. The TTLM initiative also calls on teachers to focus on the whole child instead of the subject. Teachers should put more emphasis on the teaching of good values and attitudes to the students, not their grades. In addition, teachers need to help students learn that the learning process is far more important than the results or the end product. Before jumping into the answers, teachers should treasure the teachable moment by throwing the questions to the students. Let them think and encourage curiosity. TLLM urges teachers to engage student more in learning and depend less on drill, practice and rote learning. Teachers should do more guiding, facilitating and modelling and do less telling so that students could take ownership of their own learning. Every student is different. Therefore teacher should apply various differentiated pedagogies to suit students learning. Student should be accessed more qualitatively over a period of time, and less quantitatively through one-off and summative examinations. Lastly, teachers should promote the spirit of innovation and enterprise among students. I come across one journal that was published in 2005 mentioned that in response to the TLLM policy, MOE was going to provide more time and space to teachers to do the right things for the students. To date, MOE has really made some moves to provide teachers more time; such as assigning a Co-curricular Programme Executives to each school, hiring more new teachers and introduced the adjunct teachers programme. However, we still see teachers rushing for syllabuses and busy preparing students for all sorts of exams. Not to mention the large class sizes and the accompanying heavy marking load, how could teachers stay fit physically and mentally with so many workloads? I do believe that most of the teachers would like to make their lessons livelier and have more flexibility in choosing the materials and teaching methods. I also believe that teachers do not wish their students go for tuitions. Euphemistically, the textbooks, syllabuses and teachers handbooks are said to guide teachers in teaching. As a matter of fact, these materials confine teachers way of teaching. Time allocated to each subject in school is just enough for teachers to run through the concepts and basics due to the tight syllabus. Eventually students would need to sit for the standardized tests, which decide their future. To score high for the standardized test, frequent and repeated practices based on the concepts and basics taught are inevitable. And this is the main reason for the increase of tuition centers in Singapore. A lot of parents have the habit of paving the way that would grant successfulness for their children. These include house moving and become school volunteers to get their children admitted into a good school; send their children to enrichment classes and tuitions in hope that their children could pass standardized test with flying colours. Eventually, their children could get admitted into the university, studying a popular subject which promise good prospect. For most of the students, they bow to the reality at a very young age. Since young, under the influence of the media, friends, community, teacher, school and parents, they got the impression that only by doing well academically; they could have a bright future. If they find the subject or what was taught is not going to help give them promising future, even though they know that is their strength or they have passion on that, they would not pursue them. Students rather give up their passions than face failures. Civic and moral education (CME) is supposed to be the subject that helps students develops their characters and values. Good values, attitudes and characters could also be taught in other subjects; but character development and values education are not their emphasis. Recently, MOE has just completed revising the CME materials, which claim to be more interesting and could engage students more. However, a lot of people do not see the importance of the CME subject; probably because of it is not examinable. Many mother tongue teachers have experienced their CME classes being hijacked by the math and science teachers to rush for syllabuses or to prepare students for exams. The hijacking becomes more frequent especially when the exam period is approaching. School leaders are aware of that but turn a blind eye to it. This indirectly acknowledges that the schools are still more prone to grades-centric instead of values-centric. Thus, it is not surprising that students would have the percept ion that CME is the least important subject and they are less likely learn the subject by heart. Singapore is a country that adopts a highly centralised education system and a strong top-down approach in policy-making. (Catherine Chua Richard, 2007) Changes made at the national level often may be difficult to put into practice at the school level. TLLM is one of them. Catherine Chua and Richard (2007) did a study by comparing the science curriculum between two top schools and two mid-level schools. The top schools appear to exercise more flexibility in their curriculum by introducing a more diverse programme. They are placing greater emphasis on research-based and higher order thinking skills, acquiring beyond the basic knowledge. This is in line with the MOEs initiative. The middle category schools are also embarking on introducing and reinforcing some incentive programmes in their schools, especially for those less able students. However, an important observation shows that there was no corresponding decrease in the number of topics taught in class. On the contrary, the numbe r of periods allocated for the science lessons increased in 2005. They also found that the programmes offered by the top schools are more intensive and research oriented than those offered in the middle category schools. By introducing more intensive programme and increase the number of periods, both top schools and middle level schools actually did not put TLLM into practices. These schools rather play safe by teaching more, and add more to the curriculum. This can has negative impacts on the school climate, as teachers will have less time to prepare, teach and interact with their students. Sooner or later, teachers would develop resistance towards government initiatives. (Catherine Chua Richard, 2007) PSLE test is the ultimate test for all the primary students. This test focus on the end result rather than the process of learning. From time to time, different initiatives, including TLLM are being introduced by MOE to better achieve the purposes of Singapore Education. However, PSLE tests on the whole remain untouched. School principals, teachers, parents and students know that no matter what the changes that will take place, at the end, it is the examination that matters. Thus, when MOE first introduced TLLM, many of the principals and teachers would just take that as another initiative that will come and go. In 2009, MOE announced that semester exams for Primary 1 2 would no longer exist. But later announced that mini test would be in place so that teachers could provide regular feedback on pupils learning to parents. So that is a good change or a bad change? Mini tests are still TEST. They could be the replicas of semester test and could end up having few of them throughout the semester. Students stress over exam is still there and hardly reduced. After six years of study, students still need to sit for the PSLE test. This also means that the pace of preparing the PSLE test would be increased once students step into Primary 3 seeing that the time given has been shortened by 2 years. The aims of education policy are to ensure that students not only master scholastic knowledge, but that they are equipped with the knowledge needed to perform well in the globalised economy (Seaton, 2002). In Singapore Education, the decision-making in curriculum policy always lie in the hands of the government. Thus, we can say that Singapore educational policies are the mirrors of the social, economic and political needs of a society. (Catherine Chua Richard, 2007) From the TLLM policy, we can see that Singapore government would like to mould the future leaders in becoming a confident person, a self-directed learner, an active contributor and a concerned citizen. Although TLLM encourages teachers to teach less so that student could learn more, what students actually learn are still very much depends on what would be assessed finally. We still see some schools hesitating to put TLLM into practice. Thus, I would like to comment that TLLM would be just another MOEs attempt to change the direction of education in Singapore school if MOE still continue its traditional reluctance to let go or downgrade the position of the examination system. Education in Singapore is not education but just a huge examination preparation exercise, namely, the high stakes examination system. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-51016861120339526332020-01-18T03:22:00.001-08:002020-01-18T03:22:04.169-08:00Research Paper: Marjane Satrapi EssayBeset with the unthinkable, the Islamic Revolution defines turbulent times for many Iranians (Tehran). Numerous females including Satrapi were robbed of their social rights due to westernizing and secular efforts (Tehran). In turn, the Islamic Revolution undermined the younger Satrapiââ¬â¢s ability to come to terms with her own identity; nevertheless, she now writes to share her experience with oppression and her later journey towards cultural integration. It is a historical dispute that woman did not have their share of say in the revolutionariesââ¬â¢ political agenda (Mouri). In the months following the Revolution, obligatory hijabs were decreed (Mouri). Girls of every age rank were forced to wear a veil. Several active Iranian female revolutionists discharged into the street protesting what soon became the law of the land. Their male comrades did not offer support believing that the time was not appropriate. Instead, they simply encouraged solidarity with the new government in order to display a united front before their international enemies (Kar). Consequently, wearing hijab became mandatory, and the lack of it was disciplinary (Kar). Satrapi was 10 at the time, experiencing her first instances of Iranââ¬â¢s social and political transformations. (Kutschera). The compulsory hijab eventually assumed a government-sponsored and aggressive position (Kar). Various female and liberal minded organizations were marginalized and stripped of their supremacy. The regime suppressed these crowds through methods such as coercion, enticements, deportation, and brutal force. Years later, Satrapi was spared the oppression of an Islamic regime at the peak of its worst (Leith). Her lack of unwavering obedience and expressive nature would have caused her immense trouble with government. Thus, afraid sheââ¬â¢d be a victim of the regimeââ¬â¢s repression and prejudice, her parents sent her to Vienna (Kutschera). Unfortunately, she was challenged with preconceived notions held by Europeans (Leith). While attending a boarding school ran by nuns, Marjane was expelled for calling the chief mother a prostitute when she claimed that Iranians were ââ¬Å"uneducatedâ⬠(Hattenstone). Marjaneââ¬â¢s life eventually plummeted leading her to homelessness, bronchitis, and drug abuse (Hattenstone). Defeated, she escaped the havoc by à home, ultimately surrendering herself to the lifestyle she once rejected (Hattenstone). Unfortunately, the hijab and restricted style options werenââ¬â¢t Satrapiââ¬â¢s mere concern. Upon her arrival home, Satrapi dealt with more prejudice than she had originally anticipated. She was known as the Western Iranian, which made her cultural transition in Iran especially difficult. Her later diagnosis with depression fostered even more mayhem within her life resulting in suicidal attempts. Her early 20ââ¬â¢s were indeed tempestuous times as she struggled to establish and integrate herself into foreign customs. The end of the Islamic Revolution didnââ¬â¢t necessarily mean that the essence of corruption and repression were eradicated. In fact, the bitterness lingered for another 30 years shaping a void for many Iranian women. The marriage age for females was lowered to nine, and they lacked the rights to obtain divorce. Meanwhile, their male counterparts were able to assume full custody of their children, obtain unilateral divorce, and have as many wives as they desired. In all, females received a lot of harsh treatment if they failed abide by the restrictive nature of Islamic rule. For a female foreigner like Satrapi, simply bearing a different style of clothing or thought was enough to galvanize unwanted attention. It was remarkably problematic having to assimilate into a culture she had to escape from in the first place. In the end, Satrapi realized that although Iran is her home, the social oppression outweighed that one factor. She eventually returned to Europe to pursue an art degree and take on the next chapter of her life, Persepolis. Persepolis was written in efforts to share her experience regarding the Islamic regime. It is often a misconception that Iranians were religious fanatics versus being traditional, and for that, Satrapi wrote to bring light and understanding into the situation. She wanted to clarify that what people saw in the news didnââ¬â¢t bear the whole picture. Her other renowned writing projects such as Chickens and Plums and Persepolis II also entail political elements along with personal experiences. It is ultimately her way of preserving an evolutionary truth that could have succumbed had she not taken the time to share. Consequently, Satrapiââ¬â¢s story is now one of the most popular books known for embodying a realistic coming of age story during the Islamic Revolution. She undertakes a realistic portrayal of how private life and public life can be drastically assailed by political upheaval. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-38812907218085304412020-01-09T23:45:00.001-08:002020-01-09T23:45:03.026-08:00The Idiots Guide to Topics for an Expository Essay The Idiot's Guide to Topics for an Expository Essay What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Topics for an Expository Essay People today like to collect and display things which have sentimental value or distinctive appeal. Topics can even include recycling and various items that are recyclable. When you're assigned to compose an expository essay, the very first thing you should know is the way to write it. Quite simply, everything would be determined by verifiable fact an expository essay. Unlike in the majority of other kinds of essay, you don't will need to generate a point or prove your opinion on the subject-matter is accurate. Locate the trustworthy information for the essay topic you are likely to work on. A comparison essay will concentrate on similarities as a contrast paper will concentrate on the differences. The length may vary from essay to essay. Finally let's look at comparison essays. It is possible to always have a look at expository essay examples and have a better comprehension of how the entire writing process is about. What You Should Do to Find Out About Topics for an Expository Essay Before You're Left Behind Your essay is supposed to concentrate on why schools insist their students learn a foreign language and the way it can really help in an individual's overall improvement. In the end, a student can provide short suggestions on the best way to win the game. Explain why you especially delight in a specific teacher. Typically, your teacher will request that you compose an expository essay to prove that you've done your research on a subject. Actually, giving a sample in your essay may be a practical learning experience, and whenever your teacher grades you, you will know precisely where you went wrong which prospective employers aren't going to inform you about. Some ideas, naturally, can be borrowed, but due credit has to be given. The duration of the essay however varies dependent on the topic and a tutor's requirements. Writing is among the most effective modes of self-expression, and it is likewise a remarkably effective method to help your students sort out all their ideas and feelings. The Debate Over Topics for an Expository Essay Look closely at your language as it ought to be eerror-free Imagine your essay is a precious stone and create all its faces shine using an easily readable and authentic language. Quite simply, it's a guide on the best way to do something. From its name, you can guess you should have a very clear picture of a particular thing so as to offer your reader with a crystal clear and concis e explanation. By way of example, perhaps you've chosen to communicate about a renowned battle. It is possible to also bring the part of globalization into play over here. An introduction is easily the most significant part your bit of writing. To begin with, a quick explanation of the game needs to be written. You might have to present the advantages and disadvantages of such a move, then draw a conclusion accordingly. In summary, the primary focus is to explain the facts. Then the next step is going to be to find out more about the expository essay structure. From that point, it is easy to produce the argument that she'll shape future generations. Keep in mind that, regardless of the idea, it has to harken back to your thesis statement. From that point, you're prepared to draft your thesis and introduction. What a thesis cannot be is your private belief. The Topics for an Expository Essay Chronicles Starting off with a substantial occurrence, discovery, or study will supply you with more points in factual research also. Therefore, if you'd like to have nontrivial expository essay topic that demands thorough research, choose something which refers to a technological region of study. Choose the one that you liek to compose an ideal expository essay! A prosperous process essay is going to be detailed enough so a reader will have all the info necessary to finish the endeavor. Still, with other expository speech topics, deciding to demonstrate the details with respect to a spatial order may be your ideal choice. Now it's time for picking a significant area of your research. Yes, selecting a topic isn't uncomplicated. Thus, the topic you select plays a critical function. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-66166736310875004692020-01-01T20:08:00.001-08:002020-01-01T20:08:04.092-08:00Long Story of The Amazon Company Success Free Essay Example, 2750 words John Bezos is a member of the Bilderberg Group. Consequently, he attended a conference organized by the group dubbed the Swiss 2011 Bilderberg Conference, which took place in St. Moritz, Switzerland (Byers 2006, pp. 46). The character traits of Jeffry include the following: he carries an attitude of not giving up and he is a visionary. He has never gloated over his immense success, he always aspires for more; he has never focused all his attention on short term profits; he always stands by his word; he has a strong faith in the concept of low pricing, and he believes in building trust. Furthermore, Bezos is well known for his sharp and intelligent style of leadership, a quality that has seen him successfully set up Amazon. com, a successful contender to a well-established giant like Barnes Noble (Byers 2006, pp. 47). Jeffrey Bezos set-up Amazon. com Company in 1994. This was after discovering that Internet usage had been growing at a pace of 2300 percent every year. Working from an office whose size was less than 400-square feet in Seattle, Bezos launched the Amazon. com Company on the Internet in July of 1995.We will write a custom essay sample on Long Story of The Amazon Company Success or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Among the most prominent developments were: In May 1997 the company held its first public offering of common stock totalling 3 million. The money generated from this undertaking was spent in settling existing debts, while the remainder was invested (Spector 2000). Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-70560610657149981252019-12-24T15:54:00.001-08:002019-12-24T15:54:03.374-08:00The Challenge - Original Writing Essay - 1008 Words The Challenge - Original Writing In life, I am absolutely positive that we all face challenges at a certain point. In fact, life itself has always been a challenge to many, and I will not deny that fact. However, it is the various challenges and how you overcome them that make each challenge a special part in your life. I have been through good times and bad times. Yet all my life, I have never backed down from an obstacle in my life, yet this time, I wanted to fall asleep and never open my eyes again. This was a challenge that in my opinion was virtually impossible to overcome. It had all happened to quicklyâ⬠¦ It had been just another lazy Sunday morning. The sun shone brightly throughâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦My mother put down the plate she was washing, as we headed to the door to find out who the ââ¬Ëmysterious guestââ¬â¢ was. As the door creaked open, we could see the silhouette of a frail middle-aged woman standing outside the gate. She looked vaguely familiar, and beared a striking resemblance to someone I knew, but I could not pinpoint who exactly. I quickly dismissed the thought as I saw my parentsââ¬â¢ jaws drop wide open, as they stared at the woman in recognition. A sense of foreboding eased its way to the pit of my stomach as I wondered who the woman was, and why did my parents have such a strong reaction upon seeing her? Something was amiss, but I was not sure what. ââ¬Å"Can I come in?â⬠the woman queried in a surprisingly loud voice. After recovering from their initial shock, my parents looked uncertainly at each other, before nodding their heads reluctantly. From the way my parents were looking at each other, then at me, I was positive that something was definitely wrong. As my motherââ¬â¢s voiced boomed with amazing similarity to that of the womanââ¬â¢s, I was ordered to go up to my room. And from the worried yet serious look in her eyes, I knew my mother was not joking. This was something serious. Daring not to defy her, I made my way up to my room, racking my brain, with only one question in my mind ââ¬â ââ¬ËWho was she?ââ¬â¢ As I tried toShow MoreRelatedJames E. Porterââ¬â¢s Idea of Originality in Intertextuality and the Discourse Community778 Words à |à 4 Pagesmoment I see myself focusing much more on paraphrasing and not committing plagiarism than the quality of the ideas that I am writing. However, I hav e noted that most of my ideas and opinions are probably based on somebody elseââ¬â¢s work I might have read before. Therefore, is it not plagiarism? In the article ââ¬Å"Intertextuality and the Discourse Community,â⬠James E. 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In every business perspective many people would say business writing can be one of the most challenging endeavors one could Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-72665094113100360862019-12-16T12:24:00.001-08:002019-12-16T12:24:05.211-08:00Education Policies Free Essays string(123) " commission was appointed to advise the government on the formulation and interpretation of national educational policies\." Education is so important in any given society. For this reason, it forms a major part of any governmentââ¬â¢s plans. The plans that any government wishes to implement as regards their education system is determined by existing policies. We will write a custom essay sample on Education Policies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Factors which influence formulation of policies form the subject of this discussion. For orderly presentation, the essay is divided into three chapters namely the introduction, the main body and conclusion. The introduction gives definitions of key terms used in the essay as well as conceptual frame work, the main body outlines and discusses major factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving their independence and lastly the conclusion draws a summary of the essay. 1. 1 Statement of essay purpose This essay aims at discussing the factors which influenced education policies in African countries after their achievement of independence. The essay will outline these factors and later give a detailed discussion of each factor. 1. 2 Definitions of terms In order to make this discussion meaningful, it is imperative that definitions of key terms that are involved are done. The key terms involved in the discussion are education, policy and independence. The definitions of the terms are as given below Education According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Culture Organisation (1975:1), education is defined as ââ¬Å"organised and sustained communication designed to bring about learningâ⬠Thus education in this context involves a lifelong process by which an individual is incorporated into the group and made capable of behaving in the ways expected by the society for an individual of a particular age, sex or status. Education can take place formally, non formally and informally. However, in this context the emphasis is on formal education. Policy A policy is defined as a deliberate plan of action which is put in place to guide decisions and achieve intended outcomes. Policies differ from rules or laws. Rules or laws are established to compel or prohibit certain behaviours while policies guide actions towards desired goals. This discussion, however, focuses on education policies. Bartlett and Burton (2012:134), define an education policy as the ââ¬Å"rafts of laws and initiatives that determine the shape and functioning of educational systems at both national and local levels. Therefore, education policies give direction to the functioning of an education system. Independence This is defined as the freedom from being governed or ruled by another country. African countries in this discussion acquired the freedom to rule themselves from colonial mast 1. 3 Conceptual Framework Blackmore (1999), states that there are three models of policy making namely popular participation, decree and delegation models. This discussion will refer to these three models in outlining and discussing the factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving their independence. These models are discussed in detail below. (a) Popular Participation Policy making model (b) In this model, everybody is given an opportunity to contribute to the formulation of policies. People in African countries were given opportunities to make suggestions on changes to make to the education system. For example, Zambiaââ¬â¢s educational reforms of 1977. (c) Decree Policy Making Model In this model, the head of state makes pronouncements on the direction to be followed in a given education system. (d) Delegation Policy Making Model This involves appointing a commission to review the education system of a given country. For example the Onide Commission was appointed to review the education system of Kenya in 1963. Policies are made with respect to the findings of the commission. CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 Main Body This chapter outlines and discusses the major factors that influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence. These factors are as given and discussed below. Education for Economic Development The consideration given to education as an important vehicle for economic development is one of the factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence. Investment in formal education was considered as an essential precondition for economic growth. African countries learnt lessons from developed countries that a high basic platform of education was a catalyst to rapid economic development. There was a belief among developing countries that the modernisation, industrialisation and wealth of developed countries were the direct consequence of their educational systems. Coombs (1970) argues that during the 1960s education in developing countries was regarded as a sort of intellectual yeast which would ferment and transform pre industrial societies by promoting knowledge, skills and attitudes which were favourable to economic and social development. Therefore, education policies in African countries after the achievement of independence were directed at promoting education pro vision expansion in order to achieve meaningful development. In fact an argument is advanced by Anderson (1965), that analysis of evidence from major developed countries such as Britain, France, United States of America and Russia that in general terms, a thresh hold male literacy rate of 40 percent was required before there be any significant take off of economic development. To this end, African countries directed their policies on education after attaining independence towards increased access to education in order to reach the required thresh hold of literacy. Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, demand and plans for investment in formal education by African countries increased. Education was regarded to be a principal weapon in achieving economic growth. To this end rapid quantitative expansion of the education system became the order of the day in newly independent African countries. Man power Shortages After attaining independence, African countries were confronted with shortage of manpower in various sectors of the economy. As a result of this scenario, they experienced economic stagnation. Man power shortages were heavily felt in technical and managerial fields. Thus, education policies in most African countries were directed towards resolving the man power shortages experienced. This situation was evident from what obtained in Kenya. As Eshiwani (1993:26), observes ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢at independence in 1963, Kenya found herself with a high shortage of skilled manpower to run the economy. In order to solve this problem, a commission was appointed to advise the government on the formulation and interpretation of national educational policies. You read "Education Policies" in category "Papers" â⬠Therefore, it can be stated that man power planning in newly independent countries of Africa gave a direction to the formulation of education policies. Consequently, the governments of newly independent countries of Africa saw it paramount to expand the education systems of their countries in order to produce more graduates from the education system that would fill the manpower gaps which were experienced in various sectors of the economy. Most technical and managerial jobs at independence in most African countries were occupied by foreigners. Therefore, the aim of most African governments was to decolonise the education systems, produce more output from secondary and higher education so that manpower to participate in national development could be realised. Fafunwa (1974), Contends that education development in African countries like Nigeria was treated as a national emergency for the reason of curbing manpower shortages in crucial areas of the economy. In order to meet the requirements of manpower in various sectors of the economy, the policies of African countries after independence were directed at increasing school enrolments, especially at the post primary level. Rapid expansion of secondary and higher education was considered as a pre requisite for sustainable economic growth. Enhancing education as a basic human right Newly independent African countries were confronted with a task of providing to every child their basic, essential right to education. The kind education that was to be provided was supposed to be relevant to the child in his or her African setting. For this reason, most newly African countries had massive capital and recurrent budgets towards the financing of primary education for all. The provision of education especially at elementary level to citizens of newly independent African countries was prompted by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights in which education is enshrined as a basic human right. As Bishop (1989:1), postulates, ââ¬Å"Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. â⬠Therefore, from the foregoing, newly independent African countries were compelled to provide education especially primary education on the grounds of human justice and equity. The newly independent African countries were supposed to consider primary education as the birth right of every child. This was due to the fact that education was seen as an effective way to give all children regardless of sex or family background an equal start in life. Furthermore, the leadership of newly independent African countries considered education to be the great equaliser that would help to narrow the wide disparities which were apparent in conditions of living in rural and urban communities. Before the attainment of independence, education in most African countries was a preserve for the elite. In order to correct this, African leaders made radical changes to their education systems to make them more accommodative to everyone. As Carmody (1994:23), contends ââ¬Å"As in most African countries, from the early days Africaââ¬â¢s leaders viewed education as a powerful, often the most powerful vehicle for social transformation. Thus, as the UNIP government assumed power, among its immediate priorities were the elimination of racial segregation in schools and expansion of education provision. Tuition and boarding fees were abolished. â⬠A point was also made by Bishop (1989), which in the days of the 1950s and 1960s massive expansion of education provision was regarded as the best means available for rooting out old prejudices and socio economic injustices. Therefore, education was regarded as basic human right which everyone needed to enjoy as provided in the foregoing arguments. In the pursuit of providing universal primary education, newly African countries set for themselves benchmarks. For example, the Addis Ababa conference on the development of education in Africa held in 1961 recommended that primary education was to be universal, compulsory and free by 1980. The conference further recommended that secondary education was to be provided to 30 percent of the children who completed primary school. Similarly, the conference of Arab states which met in Tripoli in 1966 also set 1980 as the target date for achieving universal primary education. To this end, it can be argued that one of the factors that influenced the formulation of education policies of African countries after achieving independence was related to the consideration that education was a basic human right which every citizen of a given country was supposed to enjoy. Hence, massive investment in the provision of education was undertaken by African countries after attaining independence in order to promote the achievement of universal primary education. As Court and Kinyanjui (1978:14), comment on the provision of Universal Primary Education in Tanzania. ââ¬Å"President Nyerere had the choice of expanding the number of classes at grades V to VII so that those children entering primary education received seven years of schooling instead of fourâ⬠. It can be concluded from the foregoing statement that the decision was arrived at because it enabled finances to be spent on the provision of 7 years of education to one child which helped him or her to become a useful member of society. African countries aimed at improving the access to education by increasing the number of school places which was facilitated by expanding already existing schools as well as construction of new schools in different parts of their countries. Promotion of Modernisation African countries formulated their education policies with respect to the purpose of attaining modernisation. In order to influence modernisation in their countries, there was massive investment in education. This was a result of the belief that schooling would assist in the inculcation of modern ideas and attitudes. Bishop (1989), postulate that evidence seemed to indicate that schooling influenced the development of modern traits and ideas. To this end, schooling had some impact on modernisation. This was manifestated in higher levels of modernity among urban people and lower modernity among rural people. Consequently, many African leaders in newly independent countries felt modernisation of attitudes and behaviours was an important pre requisite for their countriesââ¬â¢ development. According to Carmody (1994), education should socialise a nationââ¬â¢s population into modern values, attitudes and personalities. For this reason there was more emphasis on the expansion of education systems in newly independent African countries in order to enhance the access levels. Increased access to education meant increased modernity levels within a given country. In studies which were conducted be Inkeles and Smith (1974), indicate that education was the single most variable for modernisation. The studies indicate that each year of schooling improved a personââ¬â¢s score on their modernity scale by about 2 points. Education was also very effective in the development of positive attitudes and values. For this reason, formulation of education policies in newly independent African countries was influenced by the idea of modernisation. Modernisation was to be attained by every citizen in the newly independent African countries through education. Ensuring Citizensââ¬â¢ Political Participation The citizensââ¬â¢ participation in political affairs of their countries could be seen as one of the major factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence. Political participation of citizens of a particular country was linked to the notion of modernisation. This was due to the fact that knowledge was regarded as power. For this reason, many political leaders of African drafted educational policies which were responsive to the promotion of political participation of citizens in nation matters. This was highly evident in the content of education which was offered to the citizens . Again this could only be realised through the wide spread of education in African countries which most leaders promoted through the expansion of the education system. Cowan (1965), stressed that any political principle which governed education policy in independent African countries was supposed to regard as a top priority the provision of an education that would establish the most vigorous form of self government and independence. Therefore, extending schooling to a larger population would make more people politically and socially conscious and more active in the process of nation building. Thus, if equal political rights were to be enjoyed by everyone then everyone ought to have at least an adequate primary school education to participate more fully in the political process of their country. Promotion of Social Equality and Removal of Divisions The attainment of social equality is among the major factors which influenced education policies in African countries after achieving independence. Education was regarded as an instrument of social equality which was critical in the upbringing of social responsibility. Therefore, education policies which were put in place by African countries after attainment of independence were directed towards the promotion of social equality within their countries. Consequently, more and more school places were created in most parts of African countries to bring about the issue of equality within their countries in the provision of education services. Equality in the provision of education was called for as it ensured that child was provided with varied and challenging opportunities for collective activities and corporate social services. Furthermore, Eshiwani (1993), points out that the promotion of social equality in the formulation of education policies in African countries after achieving independence helped young people to acquire positive attitudes of mutual respect which enabled them to live together in harmony and to make a positive contribution to the national life. This contribution to national life was not supposed to be extended to every part of the country, hence the need of social equality in the provision of education. Respect and Development of Cultural Heritage The formulation of education policies in African countries after achieving independence was influenced by the need for promoting respect and development of cultural heritage. Education policies were directed towards the promotion of respect, fostering and developing the rich cultures which African countries have. For this reason, policy formulation as regards this situation was clearly addressed in the content of education which African countries were to provide to their people. The content of education was adapted to the culture of the people in any particular African country. In support of this assertion, Eshiwani (1993), states that the commission which was assigned to review Kenyaââ¬â¢s education system in 1963 recommended that Kenyan schools were to respect the cultural traditions of the people of the country, both as expressed in social institutions and relationships. Similarly, Damachi et al (1978), reports that education policies in African countries after attainment of independence were influenced by the need to enhance every aspect of human development which included the promotion of cultural heritage. Consequently, African countries were to state clearly their language of instruction in their education system both at lower and higher levels. This was done with the sole aim of promoting the preservation of cultural heritage and national unity. To this end the education policies which most African countries drafted after the attainment of independence were geared towards learners understanding of past and present cultural values and their valid place in contemporary society. Education for Self Reliance The education policies of African countries were influenced by the need for the curriculum offered to respond to the attainment of self reliance. Thus the recipients of such education were supposed to engage themselves in self employing activities. The curriculum of African countries emphasized practical subjects in order to ensure the acquisition of self reliance by learners. It was realised that the kind of education which was offered in some countries in Africa was too bookish and academic. The education system in most African countries separated manual work from learning. Thus theory was separated from practice. This situation further alienated young people from their societies. Therefore, education reforms in most African countries were inevitable so as reverse this trend. As Bishop (1989:116), reports ââ¬Å"By the mid 1950s it was being argued once again that schooling should be reformed principally through curriculum reform to include more practical and vocational studiesââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ Similarly, Carmody (1994), reports that Zambiaââ¬â¢s First National Development Plan pointed to the need for increasingly relating secondary education to the needs of the country by diversifying the secondary school syllabus into technical and commercial fields and giving a new place to agriculture. Therefore, it can be pointed out that education policies in African countries were supposed to address the concept of self reliance. Academic schooling was to be placed side by side with technical and vocational training in African countries. Improvement of Education Efficiency The education policies of most African countries after achieving independence were influenced by the need of improving the efficiency of the education systems. In education systems of African countries, it was felt that there was no correlation between inputs and out puts as well as between costs and returns. Education policies were centred on the need of making the systems of education to be more efficient. That is, the education systems were supposed to achieve their output at the lowest cost and also get the greatest return for a given cost. According to Bishop (1989), most education systems in African countries after achieving independence were inefficient, particularly at secondary and higher levels. The inputs such as expenditure per student or teacher training did not seem to have the effects on test scores which educators anticipated. Therefore, education policies were designed in a manner that would make the education systems in newly independent African countries to be more efficient. Additionally, education in many African countries was dysfunctional. It relied heavily on rote learning and led to an inappropriate reverence for paper qualifications. Furthermore, most curricular in African countries were irrelevant to pupilsââ¬â¢ future lives and created an imbalance with many school leavers unemployed. Consequently, African countries formulated policies which were aimed at addressing the challenges which were faced in education systems. Education as a means of fostering international consciousness Education policies in African countries were influenced by the need to foster international consciousness in learners. Education policies as complimented by the content of education provided to learners was supposed to ensure that positive attitudes towards other countries as well as the international community were upheld. This was emphasized because no country existed as an island. Each country depended on others for its prosperity. Therefore, it was essential that learners were provided with education that would instil international consciousness for the purpose of promoting cooperation among countries. CHAPTER THREE. 3.0 CONCLUSION Education policies in African countries after their achievement of independence were influenced by a number of factors. Some of the major factors which influenced education policies in African countries included manpower shortages, recognition of education as a basic human right, consideration of education as a tool for development, modernisation, improving education efficiency, need for citizensââ¬â¢ political participation, and promotion of international consciousness among learners as well as self reliance. Changes in education policies were inevitable due to the fact that African countries experienced change in government. A change in government is associated with an ideological shift, thus aspects of the education system in a given country will be in a continual state of reformation. Hence, changes occurred in education aspects such as content, teaching methodologies, assessment and structure. How to cite Education Policies, Papers Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-57681454175286609242019-12-08T09:08:00.001-08:002019-12-08T09:08:02.878-08:00Of Anger Essay Example For Students Of Anger Essay To seek to extinguish anger utterly, is but a bravery of the Stoics. We have better oracles: Be angry, but sin not. Let not the sun go down upon your anger. Anger must be limited and confined, both in race and in time. We will first speak how the natural inclination and habit to be angry may be attempted and calmed. Secondly, how the particular motions of anger may be repressed, or at least refrained from doing mischief. Thirdly, how to raise anger, or appease anger in another. For the first; there is no other way but to meditate, and ruminate well upon the effects of anger, how it troubles mans life. And the best time to do this, is to look back upon anger, when the fit is thoroughly over. Seneca saith well, that anger is like ruin, which breaks itself upon that it falls. The Scripture exhorteth us to possess our souls in patience. Whosoever is out of patience, is out of possession of his soul. Men must not turn bees; animasque in vulnere ponunt. Anger is certainly a kind of baseness; as it appears well in the weakness of those subjects in whom it reigns; children, women, old folks, sick folks. Only men must beware, that they carry their anger rather with scorn, than with fear; so that they may seem rather to be above the injury, than below it; which is a thing easily done, if a man will give law to himself in it. For the second point; the causes and motives of anger, are chiefly three. First, to be too sensible of hurt; for no man is angry, that feels not himself hurt; and therefore tender and delicate persons must needs be oft angry; they have so many things to trouble them, which more robust natures have little sense of. The next is, the apprehension and construction of the injury offered, to be, in the circumstances thereof, full of contempt: for contempt is that, which putteth an edge upon anger, as much or more than the hurt itself. And therefore, when men are ingenious in picking out circumstances of contempt, they do kindle their anger much. Lastly, opinion of the touch of a mans reputation, doth multiply and sharpen anger. Wherein the remedy is, that a man should have, as Consalvo was wont to say, telam honoris crassiorem. But in all refrainings of anger, it is the best remedy to win time; and to make a mans self believe, that the opportunity of his revenge is not yet come, but that he foresees a time for it; and so to still himself in the meantime, and reserve it. To contain anger from mischief, though it take hold of a man, there be two things, whereof you must have special caution. The one, of extreme bitterness of words, especially if they be aculeate and proper; for cummunia maledicta are nothing so much; and again, that in anger a man reveal no secrets; for that, makes him not fit for society. The other, that you do not peremptorily break off, in any business, in a fit of anger; but howsoever you show bitterness, do not act anything, that is not revocable. For raising and appeasing anger in another; it is done chiefly by choosing of times, when men are frowardest and worst disposed, to incense them. Again, by gathering as was touched before all that you can find out, to aggravate the contempt. And the two remedies are by the contraries. The former to take good times, when first to relate to a man an angry business; for the first impression is much; and the other is, to sever, as much as may be, the construction of the injury from the point of contempt; imputing it to misunderstanding, fear, passion, or what you will. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-22686837464994554172019-11-30T20:49:00.001-08:002019-11-30T20:49:02.879-08:00Karma And Samsara Essays (1277 words) - Shabda, Reincarnation Karma And Samsara The belief in Karma and Samsara form the basis for the Hindu's religious worldview. It has been central to Hinduism for thousands of years, and as a result forms a major part in the philosophical thinking of many Hindu's today. The ideas of Karma and Samsara are evident in almost all of the great Hindu scriptures, being touched on in the Veda's, but first properly introduced in the Upanishads. When the idea of Samsara was first introduced it led to a quest for liberation through the practice of austerity or meditation or both. To be released form this life the Hindu's needed to wipe out the effects of their past actions or Karma. It is this set of beliefs that formed the background of many of Hindu's religious movements and beliefs. Karma is the belief according to which a person's future life is determined by past and present actions. Every action, bodily, intellectual or ethical, good or bad, big or small will have its effect. Nothing other than the effects of earlier actions has determined the present state of affairs and nothing other than the present actions will determine the future circumstances. The law of Karma allows no room for chance or divine intervention as everything is inevitably determined by it. The Brhardaranyaka Upanisad simply sates "By good actions one becomes good, by bad actions one becomes bad"(4.4.5) (Koller 1982: 59). Intertwined with belief in Karma is the idea of Samsara, which is the cycle of repeated births and deaths that subjects an individual not merely to one death but to innumerable deaths (Koller 1982:9). Hindu's believe that as a person dies the Atman (the unconscious, immaterial part of a human) carries the results of their good and bad actions (Karma) into their next existence. This previous Karma will determine what sort of position a Hindu will occupy in their new existence, for example, if a person in a low caste has been very good in their past existence they will be born into a higher caste in their next life. The ideas of Karma and Samsara have justified the unequal Caste system, which has been an integral part of Indian society for hundreds of years. At the time of the Rig Veda (the earliest Hindu scriptures around 1000 B.C.E) (Smart 1989: 60) the key concepts of Karma and Samsara had not actually been stated. However, it does mention that a person's conduct in this world determines his life after death. The brahmins (the religious leaders) stressed the importance of the sacred act of sacrificing which was supposed to have a bearing on man's fate in the next world, and consequently the Satapatha Brahmana 11.1.8,6, states that "the Sacrifice becomes the self of the sacrificer in the next world"(Stutley 1985: 23). So, even at this early stage of Hinduism, the idea of Karma played an important role in the Hindu's worldview. It was not until the Upanishads (the principal ones dating from 800-400B.C.E) (Smart 1989:49) that we first meet with the doctrines of Karma and Samsara. The Upanishads are concerned essentially with the meaning of the sacrificial rites, and come to the conclusion that knowledge in the ?true reality' is the key rather than expertise in rituals like the Rig Veda's were. In the process they introduce profound metaphysical and religious ideas, such as Karma and Samsara. The Chandogya Upanisad sums up the ideas of Karma and Samsara "those who are of pleasant conduct here the prospect is indeed that they will enter a pleasant womb, either the womb of a Kshatriya or the womb of a Vaisya (high Indian Castes). But those who are of a striking conduct here the prospect is indeed, that, they will enter the womb of a dog, or the womb of a swine, or the womb of an outcast"(Lipner 1994: 45). The central concept in the Upanishads is that of Brahman. Brahman is the highest truth, the eternal being on which all other beings depend on. Brahman is the same as the atman, in other words, that ultimate being out there, is the same as that eternal something within you. The goal for many Hindus became at this time to gain Moksha (release from Samsara) which meant a person's atman would be released from the cycle of rebirth and therefore become one with the ultimate reality, Brahman, like a drop of water into an ocean. To understand the Hindus preoccupation with breaking the cycle of Samsara and gaining Moksha one must understand the Hindu's view of time and space. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-45910744891046698552019-11-26T08:38:00.001-08:002019-11-26T08:38:04.310-08:00Top Three problems facing the nation, the congress and the p essaysTop Three problems facing the nation, the congress and the p essays The land of Freedom, Equality, and opportunities, is what is known to the world about the United States of America from the beginning of its origin. Here people from all around the world come for higher education, for better living, and seeking more opportunities. Each people in this country can make up their life to their best because of the rules and regulation that are in favor of all, and are not bias. As for example they can work hard because there are opportunities available equally to all on the basis of their education, and capacity. Thus, the United States of America is the land of freedom, equality and opportunities. The United States of America is the dwelling place of all nationalities. However, the nation now is facing problems regarding the freedom which the congress were struck at in the decision making process. The three major problem facing nation today and also in the congress and the president in the policy making process are the same sex marriage, the illegal wo rkers, and the most high tech jobs going offshore. In the state legislatures this year, there is action related to gay marriage. In most cases lawmakers have been considering proposed amendments to their state constitutions that would tighten existing bans on the same sex marriage. It has become the problem for the congress to pass the federal constitutional amendment banning gay marriages. Different state has different decision, but most of the states have the same outcomes, that though the house has passed the bill to senate, its very hard for the senate to pass the bill. President George W. Bush hasnt formed the clear opinion on gay marriage. In some states, people are forcing congress to allow the same sex marriage. In my opinion peoples freedom is beyond the limit. Congress is on the horns of dilemma. Obviously it is the serious problem in the decision making process. If it is made legal, nation may face many problem... Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-36207394614885749682019-11-22T16:01:00.001-08:002019-11-22T16:01:04.461-08:00How to Pronounce Italian American SurnamesHow to Pronounce Italian American Surnames Everyone knows how to pronounce their last name, right? Since surnames are obviously a point of pride, its not hard to understand why families would insist on pronouncing them a certain way. But second- and third-generation Italian Americans who have little or no knowledge of Italian are often unaware of how to correctly pronounce their last names, resulting in anglicized versions that bear little aural resemblance to the original, intended form. Thats Not Italian In popular culture, on TV, in movies, and radio, Italian surnames are frequently mispronounced. Endings are truncated, extra syllables are added where none exist, and vowels are barely mouthed. Its no wonder, then, that many Italian Americans cannot pronounce their last names the way their forefathers did. If you cringe when hearing Italian words mispronounced, are interested in how your surname was meant to be pronounced in the original language, or want to recognize your own last name when spoken by a native Italian, there are a few simple rules to follow. When Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel sang, in the 1969 Grammy Awards Record of the Year song Mrs. Robinson, Where have you gone, Joe DiMaggio? they turned the Yankee Hall of Famers last name into four syllables. In fact, the Italian pronunciation should be dee-MAH-joh. In 2005, amidst the blanket media coverage of the Terri Schiavo case (brain-dead and in a coma, her husband went to court to have her taken off life support) the American media persisted in pronouncing her last name as SHY-vo, which to Italian speakers sounded very wrong. The correct pronunciation is skee-AH-voh. There are many other examples in which no attempt is made for even a close approximation of standard Italian pronunciation, which has lead to the spread of careless sounding out of Italian last names. Ironically, in Italy native Italian speakers struggle with the same dilemma of whether to pronounce surnames on the grounds of nationality (i.e., to italicize a last name) or on the basis of the origin of the surname. The Correct Way If many English speakers cannot seem to pronounce Italian last names correctly, how can you avoid common pronunciation mistakes in Italian? Remember that Italian is a phonetic language, which means words are usually pronounced as they are written. Determine how to break down your surname into syllables and learn how to pronounce Italian consonants and vowels. Ask a native Italian or someone fluent in the language how to pronounce your cognome italiano, or post a message on the forums such as: How to pronounce the surname Lucania correctly (hint: its not loo-KA-nia, or loo-CHA-nia, but loo-KAH-nee-ah). At some point, the linguistic clouds will part, and youll be able to pronounce your Italian last name as it was meant to be. Stumbling, Mumbling Pronunciation There are a few letter combinations in Italian that frequently trip up even the most assiduous speaker, and lead to the mangled pronunciation of last names. For example, Albert Ghiorso was the co-discoverer of a number of chemical elements. But pronouncing the surname Ghiorso shouldnt require a Ph.D. in chemistry. The scientists last name is not enunciated gee-OHR-so but rather ghee-OR-soh. Other potential tongue-twisters include double consonants, ch, gh, and the ever-tricky gli. Master these articulation challenges, and youll sound like a native when pronouncing memorable Italian last names such as: Pandimiglio, Schiaparelli, Squarcialupi, and Tagliaferro. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-57596995650716339452019-11-21T00:54:00.001-08:002019-11-21T00:54:02.758-08:00People aged over 65 employment in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsPeople aged over 65 employment in UK - Essay Example One of these reasons is the economic depression that has been in the recent years which has necessitated people to continue working in order to make ends meet even if they are old or over 65 years of age (Barrow, 2011). There is also the issue of the workforce being reduced as the population of young people who can provide labour in the UK has continued to dwindle as people fail to give birth. The lack of enough labour force has forced the older generation to continue working way after their years of retirement have passed as they have no alternative if the economy is to continue to grow as it used to or if their country is to develop. Lastly is the boredom that most of these people face if and when they retire and in order to avoid it, they prefer to continue working until they are not physically able to do so. Barrow, B. (April, 13th, 2011). ââ¬Å"Grey jobs boom: How over 65s are filling a third of new positions because they are too poor to retire.â⬠Dailymail. Retrieved from: Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-3491573974925333482019-11-19T08:08:00.001-08:002019-11-19T08:08:02.627-08:00Responses to two memo discussion Module 3 ArticleResponses to two memo discussion Module 3 - Article Example Because of this, organizations will be able to respond to various needs of the stakeholders without taking much time. Additionally, networking will save the company from frequent travelling since it will be able to share information as well as files with minimal time wastage. Therefore, the memo is on point on the benefits of networking an organization. This is in response to memo 2 titled, ââ¬Å"Computer Networking Standards Recommendationâ⬠dated on June 26th, 2014. I agree with the memo that the increasing and the advancement of technologies are making it difficult for companiesââ¬â¢ technicians to cope with emerging softwares. Therefore, the developments of companies that help organizations to integrate the softwares in managements is brilliant. Organizations donââ¬â¢t have to hire computer networking staffs every time they acquire a new system, but can use the automated systems from companies such as Cobit, Sam IT among others in understanding an organization and driving the values of the shareholders. They will offer support and on site and remote diagnostics which is essential for organizational Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-7308402946335212952019-11-16T20:39:00.001-08:002019-11-16T20:39:03.177-08:00Can Religion Be Studied Academically Essay Example for Free Can Religion Be Studied Academically Essay The academic study of religion isnââ¬â¢t a means of just learning scriptures or passages from a sacred text like the Bible. It is a more complex process and can be considered multidisciplinary ââ¬â it can include art, literature, linguistics, history, philosophy, psychology, sociology and much more. Religion canââ¬â¢t be studied without knowing what we are trying to study, and while some would argue it just doesnââ¬â¢t exist, the similarity among the diverse religious belief systems around the world are strong enough to justify a comprehensive field study encompassing the factors listed above, some of which fall into Livingstoneââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëseven ways of studying religionââ¬â¢. However, to effectively study religion in an academic way, it is important to include critical analysis, which means it is important not to be biased towards your own beliefs. By doing this you can become more culturally aware of other faiths and beliefs, and thus obtain a greater understanding of religions. Literary criticism plays an important role in the academic study of religion. Religion in the theological way is all about the teachings of a particular sacred text. The Bible for Christianity, the Quran for Islam and Sutras for Buddhism, for example, all contain the teachings and laws of the respective religions, which is essentially how people can understand religion in the first place. Livingstone, in his theories on religion, says questions are the key to studying and understanding the meaning of sacred texts. Is it reliable; who was the author; when was it written and where; how has the work been received, interpreted and passed on? These are the questions that need to be answered before a true understanding of religion can be obtained, and who better to answer them than a literary critic, according to Livingstone. The relationship between religion and language also relates to this idea of literary criticism. Language in religion doesnââ¬â¢t often function like it does in everyday life ââ¬â it is not found at the surface level of words or signs, according to Livingstone. Understanding language and how it is used in religion provides insight, but it also stretches to include the nature and function of language itself. Because of religionââ¬â¢s role in human cultures, it is impossible to comprehend the flow of history without some basic grounding in a variety of religious beliefs. Livingstone says it would appear obvious that the historical study of religion has to do with establishing what role religious experience and ideas play in the lives of individuals and communities. You only have to look at the Bible and see the Old Testament is dated in years ââ¬Ëbefore Christââ¬â¢. Livingstone gives an example of the Protestant Reformation. The causes of the Protestant Reformation have been a topic of contention among historians, and the debate illustrates both the importance of history in gaining a fuller understanding of that event in western history, and the difficulties in proposing a single casual explanation in history. But the notion of history and religion can be put a little more simply ââ¬â religious traditions provide structure to the world and provides people with a sense of where they fit in, which in turn affects choices today, for example decisions about politics. The philosophical scrutiny of religion is one of the oldest and most instructive ways of examining religious experience and belief, according to Livingstone. In this century philosophyââ¬â¢s relation to religion is to analyse the uses of religious language and to test its logical status and meaning. It asks whether a religious expression is simply performing an action or evoking the emotions. Livingstone says philosophers believe much of the problems with religion stem from these confusing uses of language. Over the centuries and spanning different continents, the notion of philosophy has remained significant in several religious traditions, which emphasises the importance of it in an educational way ââ¬â In India, philosophy has remained associated with historical developments in Hinduism and the same goes for Buddhism in Asia. The way in which religion interacts within a social dimension is also a significant element to studying religion. Sociologist, Max Weber, demonstrated that certain forms of social life and behaviour could deeply reflect the religious belief and practice of society. For example: Weber analysed how the new Protestant ethic, which came with the Reformation of the 16th century, proved to be decisive in shaping the spirit of modern capitalist society. All religions have a concept of what it means to be a member of a religious society, how it should function, how it should be organised, and how the society relates to the outside world. Therefore it is important to have an understanding of the sociology behind religion, especially in the instance that culture and religion become hard to distinguish between. It is understood that religions offer critiques of contemporary society based on concepts of an ideal society and must understand the connection between sacred and secular power and the political and religious institutions representing each. This is where a study of sociology and anthropology become important for religion. The relationship between religious and violent conflict is well known. It can be argued that religions are inclined to be absolutist, meaning they donââ¬â¢t allow for the validity of other religions. This discourages the discussions and negotiations and compromises needed to resolve differences of opinion peacefully, which can then have an effect on society itself. Without compromises, it can sometimes erupt into violence ââ¬â so in terms of the importance of studying religion, it is ideal to know the interconnection between sociology and religion to understand why and how conflicts, for example, can sometimes occur. And then thereââ¬â¢s the psychology behind the importance of studying religion. One of the early workers in this particular field was William James. He explored the psychological dimensions of phenomena as conversion, mysticism and saintliness. Livingstone says the connection between psychology and religion is perhaps the most closely associated with great figures in psychoanalysis. He also uses an example of Gordon Allportââ¬â¢s work, who studied the relationship between religion and prejudice. He says studies such as Allportââ¬â¢s show the value of psychological studies in revealing the potential effect of forms of religion on social relations and behaviours. Allport particularly discovered that there were different correlations between prejudice and types of being religious, what he referred to as extrinsic and intrinsic religions. This particular study into psychology and religion is significant because it can warn us against making too-simple correlation between prejudice and religion, according to Livingstone. In addition to Livingstoneââ¬â¢s ideas behind studying religion, there are other factors that intertwine, like art, for example. No one can view art without noticing the influence of religion. Every religion provides ideas, tales, cultural symbols, and concepts vital to creating art. It can be argued that without the cultural resources available today that have been created by religions, some art would be impossible to create or even understand. It isnââ¬â¢t particularly essential for making art, but religionââ¬â¢s role culturally makes the connection stronger. In conclusion, it is difficult to seriously or substantively critique religion if itââ¬â¢s not understood. It is for this reason that an understanding language critique, sociology, history, psychology and philosophy, for example, is so important. Livingstone says the academic study of religion can help people to see religion as a whole. These scholarly views and disciplines can help people to see aspects of their own religions that they may be blind to, which in turn can help prosper more appreciation for various religious traditions. Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5636465533625438688.post-29359907943621007412019-11-14T09:10:00.001-08:002019-11-14T09:10:03.620-08:00King Arthur Essay examples -- Essays PapersKing Arthur Character Analysis Although King Arthur is one of the most well-known figures in the world, his true identity remains a mystery. Attempts to identify the historical Arthur have been unsuccessful, since he is largely a product of fiction. Most historians, though, agree that the real Arthur was probably a battle leader of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxons in the sixthth century. In literature, King Arthur's character is unique and ever changing, taking on a different face in every work. There is never a clearly definitive picture that identifies Arthur's character. It is therefore necessary to look at a few different sources to get better insight into the character of Arthur, the once and future king. GRAPH Arthurian literature can be divided into two basic categories, pseudo-histories and romances. The main difference between the two is that pseudo-histories such as Wace and much of the Celtic work, for example, Geoffrey of Monmouth show Arthur as a strong, central character, making him the dominant figure in the story. He is the one who goes on quests and battles, gaining respect and glory for his court. In romances, however, Arthur is most often overshadowed by his knights, staying mainly in the background as the source and the inspiration behind their great chivalric deeds. GRAPH The first written chronicle of Arthur's adventures comes from Nennius, a monk from North Wales. In his ninth century writing, Nennius tells of Arthur's twelve victories over the Saxons but describes him only as a dux bellorum "a leader of battles" and not a king. It was Geoffrey of Monmouth who first proclaimed Arthur as king in his twelft... ... continues to personify the ideal of the chivalric code and remains a glorious, beloved, and respected king whose authority stays intact despite his weaknesses. These qualities make King Arthur a true legend, which continues to fascinate and intrigue audiences throughout the generations. Sources of information Abrams, M. H. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1993. Cavallo, Adolfo Salvatore.Medieval Tapestries in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. Lacy, Norris J. The Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1986. Broughton, Bradford B. Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry: Concepts and Terms. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986. Camelot and Arthurian Legend: Arthur. online 4/27/98 http://www.eliki.com/ancient/myth/camelot/arthur Jeffry Bullockhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12714118556713365031noreply@blogger.com0